ARM for the future?
  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Andreas_Wolf
    Posts: 12199 from 2003/5/22
    From: Germany
    Update:

    > Freescale going Cortex-A53 for i.MX (and Cortex-A57 for QorIQ):
    > http://media.freescale.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=196520&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1789227
    > Maybe they'll simply skip Cortex-A15 for i.MX?

    Indeed they will (and also Cortex-A12 for that matter). Next after current i.MX6 with Cortex-A9 will be i.MX7 with Cortex-A7 and then i.MX8 with Cortex-A53:

    http://www.freescale.com/files/training/doc/dwf/DWF13_APF_CON_T0838.pdf (pages 3 to 5)
  • »11.02.14 - 11:20
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  • Butterfly
    Butterfly
    scrAb_
    Posts: 62 from 2010/7/23
    Now I get a little bit confused....ARM is relasing planning Cortex-A17 (over A12) ...


    ....ok..A12 has no big.LITTLE...

    [ Edited by scrAb_ 11.02.2014 - 13:06 ]
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  • »11.02.14 - 12:01
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  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Andreas_Wolf
    Posts: 12199 from 2003/5/22
    From: Germany
    Update:

    > New list of DMIPS per MHz and core figures (added Cortex-A12 and specified
    > different Krait types)

    Figures for Cortex-A12 and Cortex-A15 substantiated and figures for Cortex-A17 added (all according to AnandTech):

    ARM Cortex-A7: 1.9
    ARM Cortex-A8: 2.0
    Qualcomm Scorpion: 2.1
    ARM Cortex-A53: 2.3
    Marvell Sheeva PJ4: 2.4
    ARM Cortex-A9: 2.5
    Marvell Sheeva PJ4B: 2.6
    Qualcomm Krait 200: 3.1...3.3 (depending on source)
    Qualcomm Krait: 3.3
    Qualcomm Krait 300: 3.4
    ARM Cortex-A12: 3.0...3.5 (depending on source)
    Qualcomm Krait 400: 3.4...3.6 (depending on source)
    Qualcomm Krait 450: 3.5
    Broadcom Brahma15: 3.5 (unsure whether or not this core is just ARM Cortex-A15)
    Apple Swift: 3.5
    ARM Cortex-A15: 3.5...4.0 (depending on source)
    ARM Cortex-A17: 4.0
    Applied Micro Potenza: 4.2
    ARM Cortex-A57: 4.1...4.8 (depending on implementation)
    ARM Cortex-A72: 4.7...5.0 (depending on implementation)

    Does anybody have DMIPS figures for the Apple Cyclone or the Applied Micro X-Gene?


    Edit: now also taking these into account:
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_ARMv7-A_cores
    Edit2: added Cortex-A72
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_ARMv8-A_cores
    Edit3: added X-Gene
    Edit4: renamed X-Gene as Potenza

    [ Edited by Andreas_Wolf 23.04.2016 - 11:07 ]
  • »11.02.14 - 18:51
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  • »12.02.14 - 04:59
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  • »12.02.14 - 04:59
  • Order of the Butterfly
    Order of the Butterfly
    minator
    Posts: 370 from 2003/3/28
    Quote:

    Andreas_Wolf wrote:
    Update:

    > New list of DMIPS per MHz and core figures (added Cortex-A12 and specified
    > different Krait types)

    Figures for Cortex-A12 and Cortex-A15 substantiated and figures for Cortex-A17 added (all according to AnandTech):

    ARM Cortex-A17: 4.0


    That figure is probably wrong and appears to have been made up. The A17 is faster than the A12 but DMIPS won't be the best benchmark to show it.

    Quote:

    Does anybody have DMIPS figures for the Apple Cyclone or the Applied Micro X-Gene?


    No idea but I've seen both compared to Haswell in performance per clock.
  • »17.02.14 - 19:34
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  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Andreas_Wolf
    Posts: 12199 from 2003/5/22
    From: Germany
    Update:

    > Core roadmap [...] shows [...] the e6501 core (adding virtualization interrupts) for 2013/2014

    First product with e6501 core announced:

    http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=B3421
    http://media.freescale.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=196520&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1900438
  • »17.02.14 - 23:26
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  • Jim
  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Jim
    Posts: 4977 from 2009/1/28
    From: Delaware, USA
    A PPC for the 4G market?
    I am confused as to the market for this component.
    "Never attribute to malice what can more readily explained by incompetence"
  • »18.02.14 - 01:27
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  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Andreas_Wolf
    Posts: 12199 from 2003/5/22
    From: Germany
    > A PPC for the 4G market? I am confused as to the market for this component.

    We already talked about the QorIQ Qonverge there:

    https://morph.zone/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?forum=11&topic_id=8901&start=27

    More reading material:

    http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/overview.jsp?code=SRVCPROV
    http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/overview.jsp?code=QORIQ_QONVERGE
    http://www.freescale.com/files/32bit/doc/brochure/BRSMALLCELLS.pdf
    http://www.freescale.com/files/32bit/doc/white_paper/QORIQQONVERGEWP.pdf
    http://www.freescale.com/files/rf_if/doc/white_paper/SMCELLRFWP.pdf
    http://www.freescale.com/files/industrial/doc/brochure/ENEAUPDTCSTY.pdf
    http://www.freescale.com/files/training/doc/dwf/DWF13_JNK_NET_T0991.pdf

    In short, the QorIQ Qonverge is a series of base station-on-chips for the wireless infrastructure service provider market.
  • »18.02.14 - 08:40
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  • Jim
  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Jim
    Posts: 4977 from 2009/1/28
    From: Delaware, USA
    Thanks Andrea, I remember the e6500 cored processor, and this new core is interesting.
    I wonder what other purposes the DSPs could be used for.

    BTW - Surprisingly good results on the A53.
    I could still see this going solo.

    [ Edited by Jim 18.02.2014 - 09:21 ]
    "Never attribute to malice what can more readily explained by incompetence"
  • »18.02.14 - 09:04
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  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Andreas_Wolf
    Posts: 12199 from 2003/5/22
    From: Germany
    > I wonder what other purposes the DSPs could be used for.

    I'd say anything DSPs are suited for in general, for instance audio and video processing.

    > Surprisingly good results on the A53.

    You mean its Dhrystone performance per clock located between Cortex-A8 and Cortex-A9?

    > I could still see this going solo.

    So can others:

    https://morph.zone/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?forum=3&topic_id=9647&start=37
  • »18.02.14 - 11:28
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  • Jim
  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Jim
    Posts: 4977 from 2009/1/28
    From: Delaware, USA
    >You mean its Dhrystone performance per clock located between Cortex-A8 and Cortex-A9?

    Yes, exactly, I should not be so brief with my messages.

    A 64bit cpu with better than A8 performance and low power draw could definitely find a market.
    Imagine what a product with 8, 16, 32GBs or more of memory could do.
    "Never attribute to malice what can more readily explained by incompetence"
  • »18.02.14 - 12:19
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  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Andreas_Wolf
    Posts: 12199 from 2003/5/22
    From: Germany
    > 64bit cpu with better than A8 performance

    As this link shows for other benchmarks than Dhrystone, the per-clock performance of Cortex-A53 is even slightly above that of Cortex-A9.
  • »18.02.14 - 14:21
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  • Jim
  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Jim
    Posts: 4977 from 2009/1/28
    From: Delaware, USA
    Damn, that is better than I expected.
    Have you noticed that new ARM introductions tend to be more impressive than expected.
    I never anticipated the large jump from A9 to A15.
    "Never attribute to malice what can more readily explained by incompetence"
  • »18.02.14 - 16:38
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  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Andreas_Wolf
    Posts: 12199 from 2003/5/22
    From: Germany
    > AFAIK most ARM CPU's are bi-endian. At least I think that's the case with ARMv7/Cortex

    After half a decade of assumptions, speculation and guesswork here on MorphZone, I think I found the definite answer on the question of ARM's endianness using these references:

    http://translatedcode.wordpress.com/2012/04/02/this-end-up/
    http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.dui0203g/Chddgffb.html

    The gist of it is that ARM knows one little-endian mode (on both data and code level, aka true little-endian) and two big-endian modes: BE32 and BE8. BE32 is big endianness on both data and code level (aka true big-endian), whereas BE8 is data-only big endianness.

    BE32 is supported by:
    - ARMv4
    - ARMv5
    - ARMv6

    BE8 is supported by:
    - ARMv6
    - ARMv7
    - ARMv8
  • »21.02.14 - 13:21
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  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Zylesea
    Posts: 2057 from 2003/6/4
    Quote:

    Andreas_Wolf schrieb:
    > AFAIK most ARM CPU's are bi-endian. At least I think that's the case with ARMv7/Cortex

    After half a decade of assumptions, speculation and guesswork here on MorphZone, I think I found the definite answer on the question of ARM's endianness using these references:

    http://translatedcode.wordpress.com/2012/04/02/this-end-up/
    http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.dui0203g/Chddgffb.html

    The gist of it is that ARM knows one little-endian mode (on both data and code level, aka true little-endian) and two big-endian modes: BE32 and BE8. BE32 is big endianness on both data and code level (aka true big-endian), whereas BE8 is data-only big endianness.

    BE32 is supported by:
    - ARMv4
    - ARMv5
    - ARMv6

    BE8 is supported by:
    - ARMv6
    - ARMv7
    - ARMv8


    Andreas, you're the man! Good find. I almost gave up about that issue.
    The beefier ARMs hence don't have the benefit of an easier to accomplish binary compability.

    The Raspberry pi however is ARMv6 based....
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  • »21.02.14 - 21:37
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    Kronos
    Posts: 2334 from 2003/2/24
    Quote:

    Zylesea wrote:

    The beefier ARMs hence don't have the benefit of an easier to accomplish binary compability.





    Don't really see the problem here (or I failed to understand the linked text).

    BE8 would still allow all system-structures to be 1:1 copies of 68k/PPC ones.

    All data handled by an app internally can also be BE8 without problem.

    The only thing we would need is an elf-loader making sure it load code-segments as LE and data-segments as BE (which I assume would be trivial).

    Same for an 68k or PPC EMU, all data is BE and so is all legacy code (which is just data for the EMU), only the snippets of ARM-code it wants executed have to loaded a LE.
  • »21.02.14 - 22:13
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  • Jim
  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Jim
    Posts: 4977 from 2009/1/28
    From: Delaware, USA
    It is an additional complication, but less complicated than an X86 jump would be.
    Still, couldn't we just stay with our current ISA?
    "Never attribute to malice what can more readily explained by incompetence"
  • »21.02.14 - 23:50
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  • Priest of the Order of the Butterfly
    Priest of the Order of the Butterfly
    ausPPC
    Posts: 543 from 2007/8/6
    From: Pending...
    Some other thoughts on ARM on a different project - http://reactos.org/node/779
    PPC assembly ain't so bad... ;)
  • »01.03.14 - 03:02
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  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Andreas_Wolf
    Posts: 12199 from 2003/5/22
    From: Germany
    > http://reactos.org/node/779

    From there:
    "Apple, NVidia, Qualcomm, and Samsung are only some of the companies that have developed custom processors implement the ARM ISA. These aren't just designs that combine a generic ARM processor with a bunch of peripherals like graphics and memory, these are basically genuine custom CPU designs where groups experiment with pipelining, branch prediction, and even layout to maximize performance and minimize power usage."

    For Apple and Qualcomm this is true, but chips with Nvidia's custom ARM core (Denver) have yet to emerge, and Samsung hasn't even announced any custom ARM core yet.
  • »01.03.14 - 12:49
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  • Order of the Butterfly
    Order of the Butterfly
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    Posts: 370 from 2003/3/28
    I don't think Freescale made MIPS chips but they are/were big in networking so would have been a big competitor.
  • »03.03.14 - 23:13
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  • Yokemate of Keyboards
    Yokemate of Keyboards
    Andreas_Wolf
    Posts: 12199 from 2003/5/22
    From: Germany
    > I don't think Freescale made MIPS chips but they are/were big in networking so
    > would have been a big competitor.

    Thanks, so it's more like he's meaning "the market(s) Freescale is in" when he says just "Freescale". That'd make sense at least.
  • »03.03.14 - 23:23
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  • Acolyte of the Butterfly
    Acolyte of the Butterfly
    KimmoK
    Posts: 102 from 2003/5/19
    From what I have learned, MIPS is not going away anytime soon.
    Companies like Cavium seem to keep MIPS still on their high performance branch while developing also ARM core based chips.

    It seems similar with Freescale. There exist higher performing Power core chips on the roadmap than the ARM ones.

    But only future tells...
    :-x :-P 8-)
  • »04.03.14 - 13:19
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