You should always pick your programming language to fit the problem. C is a good language for many problems, but for a lot of things, other languages are much better. Just to get you started, the following are (a few) types of programming languages: procedural, functional and logical. C is a procedural language, examples of a functional language could be Lisp or Haskell. Prolog is an example of a logical language (personally I find Prolog confusing and illogical, but that's an entirely different thing).

If you want to to learn how to develop software (aka how to program), you need to learn how to implement (i.e. program), analyse and design algorithms. I think that's the order to do it in, but given that I have not been able to start the learning process over, I can't really tell.